听力与言语-语言病理学

行为科学

医学伦理学

你正在浏览ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES期刊下所有文献
  • Testing their metal.

    abstract::Metals continually rank at the top of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's annual list of agents that pose the greatest hazard to the people of the United States. Metals aren't going away, either. They do not biodegrade, and they often concentrate in human and animal cells and tissue. Many metals are known human...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 新闻

    doi:10.1289/ehp.99107a244

    authors: Fisher BE

    更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00

  • Does an association between pesticide use and subsequent declines in catch of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) represent a case of endocrine disruption?

    abstract::Historical aerial applications of the insecticide Matacil 1.8D provide an opportunity to look for potential effects of the endocrine disrupting compound 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. Matacil 1.8D contained the carbamate insecticide aminocarb, with 4-NP as primary solvent. Between 1...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.99107349

    authors: Fairchild WL,Swansburg EO,Arsenault JT,Brown SB

    更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00

  • Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure.

    abstract::Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensi...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s2349

    authors: Benowitz NL

    更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00

  • Occupational cancer in Spain.

    abstract::The knowledge of specific problems of occupational cancer in Spain is scarce. The environment of the workplace has improved over the last few years after a long period distinguished by bad working conditions, incomplete legislation, and insufficient safety measures and control. It has been estimated that 3,083,479 wor...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.107-1566267

    authors: González CA,Agudo A

    更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00

  • Juvenile hypothyroidism among two populations exposed to radioiodine.

    abstract::We found an epidemic of juvenile hypothyroidism among a population of self-defined "downwinders" living near the Hanford nuclear facility located in southeast Washington State. The episode followed massive releases of 131I. Self-reported data on 60 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism (<20 years of age) among a group of 8...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.99107303

    authors: Goldsmith JR,Grossman CM,Morton WE,Nussbaum RH,Kordysh EA,Quastel MR,Sobel RB,Nussbaum FD

    更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00

  • Cancer mortality in agricultural regions of Minnesota.

    abstract::Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.99107205

    authors: Schreinemachers DM,Creason JP,Garry VF

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • Reproductive and morphological condition of wild mink (Mustela vison) and river otters (Lutra canadensis) in relation to chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination.

    abstract::We assessed chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination of mink and river otters on the Columbia and Fraser River systems of northwestern North America, in relation to morphological measures of condition. We obtained carcasses of mink and river otters from commercial trappers during the winters 1994-1995 and 1995-1996. Necr...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.99107141

    authors: Harding LE,Harris ML,Stephen CR,Elliott JE

    更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00

  • Morphogenic role for acetylcholinesterase in axonal outgrowth during neural development.

    abstract::Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions. However, results from our laboratory and others indicate that AChE has an extrasynaptic, noncholinergic role during neural development. This article is a review of our findi...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s181

    authors: Bigbee JW,Sharma KV,Gupta JJ,Dupree JL

    更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00

  • Predictors of plasma concentrations of DDE and PCBs in a group of U.S. women.

    abstract::We evaluated predictors of plasma concentrations of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a group of 240 women, controls from a breast cancer case-control study nested in the Nurses' Health Study. We considered personal at...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9910775

    authors: Laden F,Neas LM,Spiegelman D,Hankinson SE,Willett WC,Ireland K,Wolff MS,Hunter DJ

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakstan: high levels of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in agricultural villages of southern Kazakstan.

    abstract::To assess levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk, we measured organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in breast milk samples collected in 1994 according to the World Health Organization protocol from 92 donors...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106797

    authors: Hooper K,Petreas MX,Chuvakova T,Kazbekova G,Druz N,Seminova G,Sharmanov T,Hayward D,She J,Visita P,Winkler J,McKinney M,Wade TJ,Grassman J,Stephens RD

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • The conceptual structure of the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children.

    abstract::The integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children was developed to provide plausible blood lead distributions corresponding to particular combinations of multimedia lead exposure. The model is based on a set of equations that convert lead exposure (expressed as micrograms per day) to blood lead conc...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61513

    authors: White PD,Van Leeuwen P,Davis BD,Maddaloni M,Hogan KA,Marcus AH,Elias RW

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • Using metal-ligand binding characteristics to predict metal toxicity: quantitative ion character-activity relationships (QICARs).

    abstract::Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with predictive models for metal toxicity. Modelings of published data were done under the simplifying assumption that intermetal trends in toxicity reflect relative metal-ligand complex stabilities. This idea has been invoked successfully since 1904 but has yet to be applied...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61419

    authors: Newman MC,McCloskey JT,Tatara CP

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • Lung tumorigenic interactions in strain A/J mice of five environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

    abstract::The binary, ternary, quaternary, and quintary interactions of a five-component mixture of carcinogenic environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using response surface analyses are described. Initially, lung tumor dose-response curves in strain A/J mice for each of the individual PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61337

    authors: Nesnow S,Mass MJ,Ross JA,Galati AJ,Lambert GR,Gennings C,Carter WH Jr,Stoner GD

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • Human health and chemical mixtures: an overview.

    abstract::Unlike laboratory animals, people are rarely exposed to a single hazardous chemical. However, most of the information documenting adverse human health effects from environmental and occupational contaminants has come from studies focused on exposure to single chemicals, and there is little information available on how...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61263

    authors: Carpenter DO,Arcaro KF,Bush B,Niemi WD,Pang S,Vakharia DD

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • 1998 equivalence of sensory responses to single and mixed volatile organic compounds at equimolar concentrations.

    abstract::Exposure to low levels of chemicals indoors is often to a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It is of interest to determine if the symptomatic and sensory responses can be attributed to a single chemical or to a mixture of chemicals. To determine if sensory or symptomatic responses differ with exposure to s...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106739

    authors: Prah JD

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • New tricks for an old assay.

    abstract::For decades, a number of guinea pig tests have been used to identify human contact allergens in workplace and consumer products, but these tests have limitations. In addition to using large numbers of test animals, they also provide only subjective measurements, because the allergic activity is measured by watching th...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 新闻

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106a488

    authors: Clay R

    更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00

  • Carbon monoxide and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure: evidence of an increased effect at low temperatures.

    abstract::The combined effects of carbon monoxide and low temperature on daily variation in hospital admissions for congestive heart failure (CHF) were examined for a 4-year period in Chicago, Illinois. Medicare hospital admissions for CHF were analyzed as a function of the maximum hourly temperature, maximum hourly levels of c...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106649

    authors: Morris RD,Naumova EN

    更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00

  • Oxidant effects on epithelial Na,K-ATPase gene expression and promoter function.

    abstract::The lung epithelium resorbs alveolar fluid through combined action of sodium channels and the sodium pump, Na,K-ATPase. The lung often is exposed to hyperoxia in disease states and hyperoxia generates a mixture of reactive oxygen species. In vivo and in vitro exposure of rat lung and alveolar type II cells, respective...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s51213

    authors: Wendt CH,Sharma R,Bair R,Towle H,Ingbar DH

    更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00

  • Reactive oxygen species: their relation to pneumoconiosis and carcinogenesis.

    abstract::Occupational exposures to mineral particles cause pneumoconiosis and other diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a key role in the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression following exposure to these particles. ROS-induced primary stimuli result i...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s51151

    authors: Vallyathan V,Shi X,Castranova V

    更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00

  • Colchicine antimitosis abolishes resiliency of postnatally developing rats to chlordecone-amplified carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity and lethality.

    abstract::We have previously reported that rats are resilient to the hepatotoxic and lethal combination of chlordecone (CD) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) during early postnatal development. The overall findings pointed to stimulated cell division and tissue repair mechanisms as the underlying cause of resistance. The objectiv...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106597

    authors: Dalu A,Rao PS,Mehendale HM

    更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00

  • Lack of synergy by mixtures of weakly estrogenic hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides.

    abstract::We examined the estrogenicity of binary mixtures of the hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OHPCBs) 2,4,6-trichloro-4'-biphenylol (2,4,6-TCB-4'-OH) and 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-4'-biphenylol and the pesticides endosulfan and dieldrin. The OHPCBs and pesticides were tested in both the MCF-7 focus assay and a competitive...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s41041

    authors: Arcaro KF,Vakharia DD,Yang Y,Gierthy JF

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • Utilization of DNA-protein cross-links as a biomarker of chromium exposure.

    abstract::Human exposure to carcinogenic Cr(VI) compounds is found among workers in a large number of professional groups, and it can also occur through environmental pollution. A significant number of toxic waste sites contain Cr as a major contaminant. In this paper we summarize our efforts to apply measurements of DNA-protei...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s4969

    authors: Zhitkovich A,Voitkun V,Kluz T,Costa M

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • High breast milk levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among four women living adjacent to a PCB-contaminated waste site.

    abstract::As a consequence of contamination by effluents from local electronics manufacturing facilities, the New Bedford Harbor and estuary in southeastern Massachusetts is among the sites in the United States that are considered the most highly contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Since 1993, measures of intraute...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106513

    authors: Korrick SA,Altshul L

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents.

    abstract::Of 240 pesticides screened for carcinogenicity by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, at least 24 (10%) produce thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents. Thirteen of the thyroid carcinogens also induce liver tumors, mainly in mice, and 9 chemicals produce tumors at other sites. Some...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106437

    authors: Hurley PM

    更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00

  • Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor polymorphism: development of new methods to correlate genotype with phenotype.

    abstract::Differential CYP1A1 inducibility, reflecting variations in aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) affinity among inbred mouse strains, is an important determinant of environmental toxicity. We took advantage of the Ahr polymorphism in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice to develop an oligonucleotide-hybridization screening approach f...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.106-1533118

    authors: Maier A,Micka J,Miller K,Denko T,Chang CY,Nebert DW,Alvaro Puga

    更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00

  • The U.S. EPA Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children: a research agenda.

    abstract::On 15-16 September 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the Conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in Children. The conference was convened to examine rising trends in reported incidence of childhood cancer and the association of these trends with environmental exposures. This paper summarizes ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106867

    authors: Carroquino MJ,Galson SK,Licht J,Amler RW,Perera FP,Claxton LD,Landrigan PJ

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic predispositions and childhood cancer.

    abstract::This article provides an overview of the problem of genetic susceptibility to childhood cancer with a particular emphasis on problems with ascertaining inherited cancer risk and the role of tumor-suppressor gene mutations in cancer predispositions. The association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and childhood leukemi...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106801

    authors: Shannon K

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of water temperature on dermal exposure to chloroform.

    abstract::We have developed and applied a new measurement methodology to investigate dermal absorption of chloroform while bathing. Ten subjects bathed in chlorinated water while breathing pure air through a face mask. Their exhaled breath was delivered to a glow discharge source/ion trap mass spectrometer for continuous real-t...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106337

    authors: Gordon SM,Wallace LA,Callahan PJ,Kenny DV,Brinkman MC

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin plasma levels in Seveso 20 years after the accident.

    abstract::In 1976, near Seveso, Italy, an industrial accident caused the release of large quantities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) into the atmosphere, resulting in the highest levels of the toxicant ever recorded in humans. The contaminated area was divided into three zones (A, B, R) corresponding to decreasing...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106273

    authors: Landi MT,Consonni D,Patterson DG Jr,Needham LL,Lucier G,Brambilla P,Cazzaniga MA,Mocarelli P,Pesatori AC,Bertazzi PA,Caporaso NE

    更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00

  • Immune cell functions in industrial workers after exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: dissociation of antigen-specific T-cell responses in cultures of diluted whole blood and of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

    abstract::A comparative analysis was performed of the phenotype and function of peripheral blood leukocytes of two age-matched cohorts of industrial workers in chemical plants, one of which was exposed occupationally to high concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Median actual TCDD burdens were 116 ng/kg ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106701

    authors: Ernst M,Flesch-Janys D,Morgenstern I,Manz A

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • The Seveso studies on early and long-term effects of dioxin exposure: a review.

    abstract::The industrial accident that occurred in the town of Seveso, Italy, in 1976 exposed a large population to substantial amounts of relatively pure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Extensive monitoring of soil levels and measurements of a limited number of human blood samples allowed classification of the exposed pop...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106625

    authors: Bertazzi PA,Bernucci I,Brambilla G,Consonni D,Pesatori AC

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • Liver cell models in in vitro toxicology.

    abstract::In vitro liver preparations are increasingly used for the study of hepatotoxicity of chemicals. In recent years their actual advantages and limitations have been better defined. The cell models, slices, and mainly primary hepatocyte cultures, appear to be the most powerful in vitro systems, as liver-specific functions...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106511

    authors: Guillouzo A

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • 13th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC): alternative testing methodologies for ecotoxicity.

    abstract::There is growing public pressure to minimize the use of vertebrates in ecotoxicity testing; therefore, effective alternatives to toxicity tests causing suffering are being sought. This report discusses alternatives and differs in some respects from the reports of the other three groups because the primary concern is w...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106441

    authors: Walker C,Kaiser K,Klein W,Lagadic L,Peakall D,Sheffield S,Soldan T,Yasuno M

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • Reduced cadmium levels in human kidney cortex in sweden.

    abstract::Environmental pollution with the nephrotoxic metal cadmium is considered a potential health risk for the general population. In 1976 it was reported that the cadmium concentration in human kidney cortex in Sweden had increased in parallel with increasing levels in soil and grain during the twentieth century. Since the...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106175

    authors: Friis L,Petersson L,Edling C

    更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00

  • Urban particle-induced apoptosis and phenotype shifts in human alveolar macrophages.

    abstract::Epidemiological studies report a small but positive association between short-term increases in airborne particulate matter and small increases in morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular disease in urban areas. However, the lack of a mechanistic explanation to link particle exposure and human healt...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106127

    authors: Holian A,Hamilton RF Jr,Morandi MT,Brown SD,Li L

    更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00

  • Bioavailability and biotransformation of benzo(a)pyrene in an isolated perfused In situ catfish intestinal preparation.

    abstract::In the aquatic environment, diet is an important route of exposure for the common contaminant and procarcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Dietary organisms vary in their BaP content and in contaminated areas often contain other xenobiotics including cytochrome P4501A inducers. This study examined the effect of dose and pr...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106155

    authors: Kleinow KM,James MO,Tong Z,Venugopalan CS

    更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular basis of the inhibition of human aromatase (estrogen synthetase) by flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens: A site-directed mutagenesis study.

    abstract::Flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens are plant chemicals and are known to be competitive inhibitors of cytochrome P450 aromatase with respect to the androgen substrate. Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen; therefore, these plant chemicals are thought to be capable of modifying the estrogen leve...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9810685

    authors: Kao YC,Zhou C,Sherman M,Laughton CA,Chen S

    更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00

  • Assessment of water use for estimating exposure to tap water contaminants.

    abstract::Epidemiological studies examining the association between exposure to tap water contaminants (such as chlorination by-products) and disease outcomes (such as cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes) have been limited by inaccurate exposure assessment. Failure to take into account the variation in beverage and tap wat...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9810655

    authors: Shimokura GH,Savitz DA,Symanski E

    更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00

  • Hormesis as a biological hypothesis.

    abstract::A comprehensive effort was undertaken to identify articles demonstrating chemical hormesis. Nearly 4000 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from preliminary computer database searches by using various key word descriptors and extensive cross-referencing. A priori evaluation criteria were established including...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s1357

    authors: Calabrese EJ,Baldwin LA

    更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00

  • The traditional toxicologic paradigm is correct: dose influences mechanism.

    abstract::Dose influences mechanism; and over a wide range of doses, one can envision that mechanism will change with changing dose. This basic concept in toxicology is juxtaposed with the biologic importance of maintaining normal DNA methylation status to provide the focus of this paper. The idea that altered DNA methylation p...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s1285

    authors: Goodman JI

    更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00

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